Electricity shortage is the primary energy challenge faced by developing countries, with about 733 million people worldwide still lacking access to electricity in 2020. Access to electricity is an SDG 7 indicator reflecting electricity penetration, and timely and accurate data, which is of practical importance to its universal achievement. At present, global access to electricity data is mainly obtained using statistical surveys, which suffer from untimely data updates, uneven data quality levels, poor data comparability between different countries, uneven quality levels, non-spatialized data, and missing data in some developing countries. In response to these issues, this study develops a 500 m resolution data set of electrification conditions in BUAs in the world in 2014 and 2020. It proposes a new method for the remote sensing monitoring of electrification in BUAs, analyzes its global spatial distribution and change, and addresses the problems of missing data and untimely updates of existing electrification rates in some countries. It improves the global monitoring capacity of electrification conditions in BUAs, and provides data to inform the formulation of targeted power supply strategies.